Learning, Knowledge and Human Development MOOC’s Updates
4. The Social and Emotional Conditions of Learning: The Case of Bullying in Schools (Dorothy Espelage)
Comment: How do social and emotional conditions affect learning? (This, of course, is just as much the case for higher education, workplace learning, or informal learning in communities and personal life.)
Make an Update: Dorothy Espelage has taken just one area—bullying at school—where she hase used the methods of educational psychology to explore the social-emotional conditions of learning. Take an area of socio-behavioral learning interest or concern to you. What does the evidence tell? What are the main concepts we need to interpret the evidence?
Social and emotional conditions play a crucial role in learning, as they can either facilitate or hinder the learning process. Positive social and emotional conditions, such as a sense of belonging and emotional support, can foster engagement, motivation, and academic achievement.
On the other hand, negative social and emotional conditions, such as bullying and anxiety, can have severe consequences on students' well-being and learning outcomes. Dorothy Espelage's work on bullying at school highlights the importance of addressing social-emotional conditions in educational settings.
Update:
Title: The Impact of Mindfulness on Academic Achievement and Well-being
In this update, I explore the impact of mindfulness on academic achievement and well-being. Mindfulness has been shown to improve attention, reduce stress and anxiety, and promote emotional regulation. I discuss the evidence supporting the use of mindfulness in educational settings and provide examples of mindfulness-based interventions that can be implemented in classrooms.
Main Concepts:
1. Mindfulness: Mindfulness refers to the practice of being present in the moment, without judgment or distraction.
2. Emotional Regulation: Emotional regulation refers to the ability to manage and regulate one's emotions, which is critical for academic achievement and well-being.
3. Academic Achievement: Academic achievement refers to the attainment of knowledge, skills, and competencies in academic subjects.
References:
Hölzel, B. K., Lazar, S. W., Gard, T., Schuman-Olivier, Z., Vago, D. R., & Ott, U. (2011). Mindfulness practice leads to increases in regional brain matter density. NeuroImage, 56(1), 338-344.
Zenner, C., Herrnleben-Kurz, S., & Walach, H. (2014). Mindfulness-based interventions in schools: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 603.
Social emotional development is intended so that children have self-confidence, socialization skills, and have skills in controlling emotions, by having the ability to control social emotional students can interact well, which of course can support their daily lives both within the scope of school and in the community. So that we can understand simply when there are problems that risk the social and emotional conditions of participants, it will also have an impact on the learning process that takes place at school. Research conducted by (Tanfidyah, 2022) explained that emotional conditions affect children's readiness for learning. The emotional condition in question is a sense of tension, experiencing conflict, anxiety and others, this will have an impact on the mood of students, and learning outcomes (academic).
Here is a picture of the cases highlighted in the aftermath of the crisis of social emotional development, namely the increase in cases of juvenile delinquency, such as bullying, brawls, drug abuse, early pregnancy, stress anxiety, and suicide cases.
Therefore, when someone is able to manage emotions, understand themselves, empathize with others, and skillfully communicate something, interact, competent in problem solving, and decision making. A person will be wiser, avoid various cases of social deviance, and be less resilient to stress despite external pressures, as well as how to deal with conflicts, by having these competencies will help children to solve them.
Reference:
Tanfidiyah, N. (2022). Analisis Kondisi Fisik, Mental, Dan Emosi Dalam Kesiapan Dan Proses Belajar Anak. Hibrul Ulama, 4(2), 1-7.
Social and emotional conditions directly affect the process of learning in such a way that learning would be considered distorted or incomplete if it's not wholesome and all-encompassed. By now, we already know that learning requires crucial aspects ranging from cognitive, environmental and also socio-emotional responses for it to be considered successful.
If certain social and emotional conditions are absent from the course of the learning process, especially from middle school learner's through till hugh school and even college, we cannot be certain that full rounded learning has taken place. This is because we are unable to determine the reactions and effects of what has been learnt when it comes to the practicality of it.
#2 Denice Hood offers one example of application of educational psychology to counseling in college. What kinds of supplementary supports do learners need? What are the purposes, methods and roles of counseling psychologists as they address the needs of learners?
Social and Emotional Learning is an effective way to promote a positive learning towards children and youth. It refers to the process through which individuals learn and apply a set of social, emotional, and related nonacademic skills, attitudes, behaviors, and values that help direct their thoughts, feelings, and actions in ways that enable them to succeed in school, work, and life (Jones et al., 2017). The following are the key concepts to successful Social and Emotional Learning:
Self-Awareness- it involves emotions, personal goals and values about understanding including assessing strengths and limitations of having positive mindset this also require the ability to recognize on thoughts, feelings, and actions are interconnected.
Self-Management- to regulate one's own emotions and behaviors which requires skills and attitudes that facilitate the ability.
Social Awareness- it is to feel compassion for those with different backgrounds or cultures that has ability to understand, empathize.
Relationship Skills- it helps students establish and maintain healthy and rewarding relationships, and to act in accordance with social norms.
Responsible Decision Making- it is about personal behavior and social interactions across diverse settings and learning how to make constructive choices.
References:
- https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-85214-6_3
-https://www.edutopia.org/blog/why-sel-essential-for-students-weissberg-durlak-domitrovich-gullotta
Social and emotional conditions have a significant impact on learning in diverse settings such as higher education, workplaces, and community environments. Key ways these factors influence learning include:
Motivation and Engagement: Positive social and emotional conditions enhance intrinsic motivation and a sense of belonging, leading to greater participation and effort. Negative conditions can result in disengagement.
Mental Health and Well-Being: High stress and anxiety hinder cognitive functions like concentration and memory, making it difficult for learners to keep pace. Effective emotional regulation is essential for maintaining focus and resilience.
Social Relationships and Interactions: Positive peer interactions foster collaboration and social skill development, while negative relationships can create hostile environments that impede growth. Supportive relationships enhance well-being and academic success.
Cognitive Processes: Emotional states affect attention, concentration, and cognitive abilities, influencing learning outcomes. A positive emotional state can enhance critical thinking and creativity.
Identity and Self-Concept: A positive self-image boosts confidence, while negative conditions can lower self-esteem, affecting participation. An understanding of social and cultural identities enriches learning experiences.
Resilience and Coping Skills: Effective coping strategies build resilience, enabling learners to overcome setbacks. A growth mindset within supportive contexts helps learners view challenges as opportunities for growth.
In conclusion, addressing social and emotional factors is vital for creating inclusive learning environments that foster academic success and personal development, resulting in more engaged, resilient, and motivated learners.
Social and emotional conditions play a huge role in shaping how well someone learns. When students feel safe, supported, and valued, they are more open to taking risks and engaging deeply in the learning process. Positive relationships with teachers and peers can create an environment where curiosity and collaboration thrive. On the other hand, stress, anxiety, or feeling isolated can block the ability to focus, process information, and retain what’s being taught. Emotional well-being directly influences motivation and resilience—when students feel confident and connected, they’re more likely to persevere through challenges. In short, the emotional climate of a learning space can either fuel or hinder the learning journey.
Para promover eficazmente el aprendizaje socioemocional (ASE), es fundamental implementar estrategias integrales que involucren a todos los actores del proceso educativo. Estas estrategias deben ser adaptables a diferentes contextos y edades. A continuación, se presentan algunas de las estrategias más efectivas:
1. Programas de intervención efectivos:
- Implementación de programas estructurados de ASE, como el programa RULER o el Programa de Aprendizaje Social y Emocional (SEL) de CASEL.
- Integración de prácticas de mindfulness y atención plena en el aula y en el lugar de trabajo.
- Desarrollo de programas de mentoría entre pares para fomentar el apoyo mutuo y el desarrollo de habilidades socioemocionales.
2. Prácticas pedagógicas que apoyan el desarrollo socioemocional:
- Utilización de aprendizaje cooperativo y proyectos grupales para fomentar la colaboración y la empatía.
- Implementación de círculos de diálogo para promover la comunicación abierta y el entendimiento mutuo.
- Incorporación de juegos de rol y simulaciones para practicar habilidades socioemocionales en situaciones realistas.
- Uso de narrativas y literatura para explorar emociones y perspectivas diversas.
3. Rol de los educadores y cuidadores:
- Formación continua de docentes y personal educativo en competencias socioemocionales y estrategias de ASE.
- Modelado de comportamientos socioemocionales positivos por parte de educadores y cuidadores.
- Creación de un ambiente de aprendizaje seguro y acogedor que fomente la expresión emocional y la toma de riesgos saludables.
- Establecimiento de relaciones de confianza y apoyo con los estudiantes.
4. Evaluación y seguimiento:
- Implementación de sistemas de evaluación integral que incluyan medidas de competencias socioemocionales.
- Uso de autoevaluaciones y reflexiones para fomentar la autoconciencia y el crecimiento personal.
- Recopilación de feedback de múltiples fuentes (estudiantes, padres, educadores) para una visión holística del progreso.
5. Colaboración con familias y comunidades:
- Organización de talleres y sesiones informativas para padres sobre la importancia del ASE y cómo apoyarlo en casa.
- Creación de alianzas con organizaciones comunitarias para extender las oportunidades de aprendizaje socioemocional más allá del aula.
- Fomento de la participación de las familias en actividades escolares que promuevan el ASE.
6. Uso de tecnología:
- Incorporación de aplicaciones y plataformas digitales diseñadas para el desarrollo de habilidades socioemocionales.
- Utilización de realidad virtual para simular situaciones sociales complejas y practicar respuestas apropiadas.
- Implementación de sistemas de seguimiento digital para monitorear el progreso individual en el desarrollo de competencias socioemocionales.
La implementación efectiva de estas estrategias requiere un enfoque sistemático y sostenido, con un compromiso a largo plazo por parte de instituciones educativas, familias y comunidades. Es crucial adaptar estas estrategias a las necesidades específicas de cada contexto, teniendo en cuenta factores culturales, socioeconómicos y de desarrollo. Al integrar el ASE de manera consistente y significativa en diversos entornos, se puede fomentar un desarrollo integral que prepare a los individuos para los desafíos personales, académicos y profesionales del siglo XXI.
https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/defining-school-bullying-and-its-implications-education-teachers-and-learners
Many current anti-bullying programmes in schools are rooted in early definitions characterizing bullying as an “unwanted aggressive behavior that is repeated over time and involves an imbalance of power or strength”. While this was groundbreaking at the time and advanced the work of researchers, policy makers, educators and others, evolving perspectives have deepened our understanding of bullying.
Research shows that progress in reducing school bullying has been slow, with only a 19% decrease in perpetration and a 15% drop in the rate of learners facing bullying. This means we must reassess our understanding and approaches to bullying, especially in our increasingly complex world, where both in-person and online bullying intertwine with personal and societal issues.
Dorothy Espelage's work on bullying highlights the importance of social-emotional conditions in learning environments. A similarly critical area of socio-behavioral learning interest is the impact of *trauma* on learning. Evidence shows that students who have experienced trauma often exhibit difficulties with attention, memory, and emotional regulation, all of which are crucial for effective learning.
Key Evidence:
- Neuroscientific studies indicate that trauma can disrupt the brain's development, particularly in areas related to learning and memory (e.g., the hippocampus) and emotional regulation (e.g., the amygdala).
- Behavioral research: suggests that trauma can lead to increased anxiety, depression, and behavioral issues, which can impede academic performance and social interactions in educational settings.
- Educational studies: demonstrate that trauma-informed approaches in schools, which focus on creating safe and supportive learning environments, can significantly improve students' academic and social outcomes.
Main Concepts to Interpret the Evidence:
1. Trauma-Informed Education: This approach involves understanding the impact of trauma on students and integrating strategies that help mitigate its effects, such as building strong, supportive relationships, offering mental health resources, and providing consistent, predictable routines.
2. Resilience: Despite the negative impacts of trauma, evidence suggests that fostering resilience – the ability to adapt and thrive despite adversity – is key. Resilience can be nurtured through positive relationships, self-efficacy, and opportunities for meaningful participation in learning.
3. Social-Emotional Learning (SEL): Incorporating SEL into education helps students develop crucial skills such as emotional regulation, empathy, and healthy interpersonal relationships, which are particularly important for those who have experienced trauma.
By applying these concepts, educators and learning facilitators can better understand and address the complex needs of learners affected by trauma, leading to improved educational outcomes across various settings, including higher education, workplace learning, and informal learning environments.