Abstract

The impact of globalization and the demographic trend of an aging population have increased interest in comparative research on long-term care for older people. However, globalization has also brought about challenges for comparative research. This article aims to examine global challenges for international comparative research methodology, specifically methodologies employed in long-term care research, and to propose alternative approaches in response to globalization. The global influence on research paradigms can be seen in the emergence of the knowledge economy, which addresses network forms. Open innovation and creativity are key elements of the knowledge economy, and this article argues that these qualities are essential for integrating different ideas. The impact of globalization also highlights the necessity of effectively addressing new patterns of exclusion and inequality. The article discusses the importance of an inclusive approach, acknowledging the value of including the perspectives of older people and stakeholders. As an example, it draws on empirical comparative research conducted in England and Japan to highlight the practical applicability of the methodologies discussed. Although a nation/country continues to be a necessary unit of analysis, debates on globalization and diversity suggest a need for alternative approaches in international comparison. This article presents a multi-level analysis that focuses on the micro-(individual) and macro-(societal) relationship as a central unit of analysis. Another crucially important feature of globalization is increasing interconnectedness across the globe. Addressing this point, this article explores approaches that can contribute to producing interconnected knowledge, bridging socio-cultural boundaries.